[Home ] [Archive]   [ فارسی ]  
:: Main :: About :: Current Issue :: Archive :: Search :: Submit :: Contact ::
Main Menu
Home::
Browse::
Journal Info::
Guide for Authors::
Submit Manuscript::
Articles archive::
For Reviewers::
Contact us::
Site Facilities::
Reviewers::
::
Search in website

Advanced Search
..
Receive site information
Enter your Email in the following box to receive the site news and information.
..
:: Volume 15, Issue 2 (12-2025) ::
JGST 2025, 15(2): 27-41 Back to browse issues page
Land Subsidence Analysis in The Paths of Power Transmission Lines Using Displacement Gradients from Radar Interferometric Observations
Hamed Amirkhani , Behzad Vosoghi *
Abstract:   (79 Views)
The study of land subsidence and its associated displacements has become one of the major research topics globally, especially in Iran. A key aspect in examining this phenomenon is the assessment of the hazards it poses. Although land subsidence is recognized as a destructive phenomenon, when a displacement gradient is formed in the Earth's crust, the subsidence appears in a differential manner and poses a serious threat to structures and infrastructure.
Field evidence and conducted studies indicate that part of the Eshtehard and Qazvin plain has experienced subsidence due to excessive groundwater extraction for industrial and agricultural purposes. In this area, several power transmission lines with high-voltage towers are located, and differential subsidence can cause serious and irreversible risks to them.
Accordingly, this research investigates the subsidence that occurred in this plain along one of the power transmission lines during the period from 2018 to 2023, using InSAR technology and the displacement gradients derived from it. To apply InSAR, LiCSAR system data were processed using the LiCSBAS time series software, and the Recursive Moving Least Squares (RMLS) numerical method was used to calculate the displacement gradients.
The results showed that the studied power transmission line is completely exposed to subsidence. The maximum land subsidence rate in the area and along the transmission line was estimated at –80 mm/year and –57 mm/year, respectively. Also, the maximum displacement gradient rate in the region and along the studied line was calculated to be 114 mm/km/year and 68 mm/km/year, respectively.
Finally, by examining the longitudinal profile of the subsidence gradient along the transmission line, it was observed that at power towers No. 83 and 84, with subsidence rates of –52 mm/year and –51 mm/year, the gradient magnitude was estimated at 27 and 24 mm/km/year, respectively; and at power towers No. 30 and 97, with subsidence rates of –27 mm/year and –13 mm/year, the gradient magnitudes were 31 and 39 mm/km/year.
Therefore, the results indicate that there is no direct correlation between the subsidence rate and its gradient; thus, analyzing the displacement gradient is of particular importance in studying land subsidence.
 
Article number: 3
Keywords: Land Subsidence, InSAR, Displacement Gradient, Power Transmission Lines, Differential Subsidence
Full-Text [PDF 1223 kb]   (47 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Research | Subject: Geo&Hydro
Received: 2025/05/26 | Accepted: 2025/09/28
References
1. Jackson, J. A., Mehl, J. P., Neuendorf, K. K. E. and Institute, A. G. (2005). "Glossary of Geology." Springer Science & Business Media. Alexandria, Virginia.
2. Angornai, S., Memarian, H., Shariat Panahi, M. and Bolourchi, M. J. (2016). "Dynamic Modeling of Land Subsidence in Tehran Plain." Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences. 25, 97, 211-220.
3. Karimi, m., Ghanbari, A. and Amiri, s. (2013). "Measurement of the level of risk of land subsidence in No.18 urban residence area of Tehran." Spatial Planning. 3, 1, 37-56.
4. Cabral-Cano, E., Osmanoglu, B., Dixon, T., Wdowinski, S., Demets, C., Cigna, F. and D'Iaz-Molina, O. (2010). "Subsidence and fault hazard maps using PSI and permanent GPS networks in central Mexico." IAHS-AISH publication. 339, 255-259.
5. Sun, Y., Jiewei, Z., Fei, Q., Quanzhong, L., Cong, L., Zhaowei, Y. and and Peng, J. (2024). "Spatio-temporal evolution of land subsidence and susceptibility zonation of associated ground fissures in the urban area of loess plateau: a case in Xianyang city, China." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 15, 1, 2341181. [DOI:10.1080/19475705.2024.2341181]
6. Massonnet, D., Rossi, M., Carmona, C., Adragna, F., Peltzer, G., Feigl, K. and Rabaute, T. (1993). "The displacement field of the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry." Nature. 364, 6433, 138-142. [DOI:10.1038/364138a0]
7. Mehrabi, H. (2017). "Intrinsic Analysis of the Earth Crustal Deformation by InSAR Technology and Meshless Numerical Methods", Ph.D Thesis, K.N. Toosi University of Technology.
8. Tarighat, F., Foroughnia, F. and Perissin, D. (2021). "Monitoring of Power Towers' Movement Using Persistent Scatterer SAR Interferometry in South West of Tehran." Remote Sensing. 13, 3, 407. [DOI:10.3390/rs13030407]
9. Geng, H., Peng, J., Wen, G., Zhou, F., Zhe, M., Wu, X. and Dai, S. (2022). "Monitoring of Surface Deformation of Transmission Tower Based on SBAS-InSAR Technology." Proc. 2022 IEEE 5th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET), (Eds), . [DOI:10.1109/ICET55676.2022.9824022]
10. Shami, S., Azar, M. K., Nilfouroushan, F., Salimi, M. and Reshadi, M. A. M. (2022). "Assessments of ground subsidence along the railway in the Kashan plain, Iran, using Sentinel-1 data and NSBAS algorithm." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 112, 102898. [DOI:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102898]
11. Amerian, Y. and Vosooghi, B. (2012). "Subsidence Monitoring in Mashhad and Neyshabour area based on Change of Curvature Analysis Method Using Displacement Field from GPS Observations." Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences. 21, 82, 133-138.
12. Tirmizi, O. and Khan, S. D. (2023). "Factors of Subsidence in Katy, Texas, USA." Remote Sensing. 15, 18, 4424. [DOI:10.3390/rs15184424]
13. Tirmizi, O., Khan, S. D., Mirzaee, S. and Fattahi, H. (2023). "Hazard Potential in Southern Pakistan: A Study on the Subsidence and Neotectonics of Karachi and Surrounding Areas." Remote Sensing. 15, 5, 1290. [DOI:10.3390/rs15051290]
14. Najafian, D., Ghasemzadeh, F., Naghdi, S. and Ghadami, H. (2019). "Assessment of the status of subsidence in the plains of Alborz Province." Proc. First Conference of Alborz Engineering Opportunities & Challenges, (Eds), Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran.
15. Ranjbar, M. and Jaafari, N. (2009). "Investigating the effective factors in the subsidence of the Eshtehard plain." Geography. 6, 19, 155-166.
16. Rezaei, K. (2021). "Soil erosion and land subsidence effects in the vicinity of power transport lines in Eshtehard Plain using sedimentology and Geoelectric studies." Applied Sedimentology. 8, 16, 28-44.
17. Mehrabi, H. and Voosoghi, B. (2015). "Recursive moving least squares." Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements. 58, 119-128. [DOI:10.1016/j.enganabound.2015.04.001]
18. Agency, E. S."Copernicus Sentinel-1".Available online: https://directory.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/copernicus-sentinel-1 (accessed on 2025).
19. Morishita, Y., Lazecky, M., Wright, T. J., Weiss, J. R., Elliott, J. R. and Hooper, A. (2020). "LiCSBAS: An Open-Source InSAR Time Series Analysis Package Integrated with the LiCSAR Automated Sentinel-1 InSAR Processor." Remote Sensing. 12, 3, 424. [DOI:10.3390/rs12030424]
20. Fialko, Y., Simons, M. and Agnew, D. (2001). "The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine Earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations." Geophysical Research Letters. 28, 16, 3063-3066. [DOI:10.1029/2001GL013174]
21. Motagh, M., Shamshiri, R., Haghshenas Haghighi, M., Wetzel, H.-U., Akbari, B., Nahavandchi, H., Roessner, S. and Arabi, S. (2017). "Quantifying groundwater exploitation induced subsidence in the Rafsanjan plain, southeastern Iran, using InSAR time-series and in situ measurements." Engineering Geology. 218, 134-151. [DOI:10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.011]
22. Cabral-Cano, E., Solano-Rojas, D., Oliver-Cabrera, T., Wdowinski, S., Chaussard, E., Salazar-Tlaczani, L., Cigna, F., DeMets, C. and Pacheco-Martínez, J. (2015). "Satellite geodesy tools for ground subsidence and associated shallow faulting hazard assessment in central Mexico." Proc. IAHS. 372, 255-260. [DOI:10.5194/piahs-372-255-2015]
23. Fernández-Torres, E., Cabral-Cano, E., Solano-Rojas, D., Havazli, E. and Salazar-Tlaczani, L. (2020). "Land Subsidence risk maps and InSAR based angular distortion structural vulnerability assessment: an example in Mexico City." Proc. IAHS. 382, 583-587. [DOI:10.5194/piahs-382-583-2020]
24. Awasthi, S., Jain, K., Bhattacharjee, S., Gupta, V., Varade, D., Singh, H., Narayan, A. B. and Budillon, A. (2022). "Analyzing urbanization induced groundwater stress and land deformation using time-series Sentinel-1 datasets applying PSInSAR approach." Sci Total Environ. 844, 157103. [DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157103]
25. Hu, J., Motagh, M., Guo, J., Haghighi, M. H., Li, T., Qin, F. and Wu, W. (2022). "Inferring subsidence characteristics in Wuhan (China) through multitemporal InSAR and hydrogeological analysis." Engineering Geology. 297, 106530. [DOI:10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106530]
26. [26] Belytschko, T., Krongauz, Y., Organ, D., Fleming, M. and Krysl, P. (1996). "Meshless methods: An overview and recent developments." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 139, 1, 3-47. [DOI:10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01078-X]
27. Mehrabi, H. and Tashayo, B. (2019). "Spatial Data Interpolation Through Recursive Solution of Moving Least Squares." Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology. 9, 2, 15-27.
28. Simon, D. (2006). "Least squares estimation." in Optimal State Estimation, Simon, D., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 79-105. [DOI:10.1002/0470045345.ch3]
29. Motagh, M., Walter, T. R., Sharifi, M. A., Fielding, E., Schenk, A., Anderssohn, J. and Zschau, J. (2008). "Land subsidence in Iran caused by widespread water reservoir overexploitation." Geophysical Research Letters. 35, 16, . [DOI:10.1029/2008GL033814]
30. Kratzsch, H. (1983). "Mining Subsidence Engineering." Springer. Berlin, Heidelberg. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-81923-0]
Send email to the article author

Add your comments about this article
Your username or Email:

CAPTCHA


XML   Persian Abstract   Print


Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:

Amirkhani H, Vosoghi B. Land Subsidence Analysis in The Paths of Power Transmission Lines Using Displacement Gradients from Radar Interferometric Observations. JGST 2025; 15 (2) : 3
URL: http://jgst.issgeac.ir/article-1-1224-en.html


Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Volume 15, Issue 2 (12-2025) Back to browse issues page
نشریه علمی علوم و فنون نقشه برداری Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology