<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Journal of Geomatics Science and Technology</title>
<title_fa>علوم و فنون نقشه برداری</title_fa>
<short_title>JGST</short_title>
<subject>Engineering &amp; Technology</subject>
<web_url>http://jgst.issgeac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2322-102X</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online></journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii>-</journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>10.66224/jgst</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid>-</journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai>-</journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science>-</journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1400</year>
	<month>12</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2022</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>11</volume>
<number>3</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>fa</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>پایش خشکسالی کشاورزی استان مرکزی با استفاده از شاخص های VHIوPDSI</title_fa>
	<title>Monitoring of Agricultural Drought in Markazi Province using VHI and PDSI Indices</title>
	<subject_fa>سامانه های اطلاعات مکانی</subject_fa>
	<subject>GIS</subject>
	<content_type_fa>پژوهشي</content_type_fa>
	<content_type>Research</content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;خشکسالی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;ازجمله بلایای طبیعی و ادامه&amp;shy;ی آن درسطح وسیع باعث نابودی حیات می&amp;shy;شود. این پدیده در علوم مختلف به چند دسته کشاورزی، هواشناسی، هیدرولوژی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;، توان طبیعی دسته بندی می&amp;shy;شود. خشکسالی محصولات کشاورزی باعث آسیب زدن به اقتصاد، شرایط اجتماعی، محصولات کشاورزی و در نتیجه امنیت غذایی می&amp;shy;شود لذا پایش آن امری ضروری است. امروزه برای بررسی خشکسالی کشاورزی از&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;روش&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;shy;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;هایی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;همچون دورکاوی و استفاده از داده&amp;shy;های ماهواره&amp;shy;ای&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;درکنار داده&amp;shy;های هواشناسی یا شاخص&amp;shy;های خشکسالی استفاده می&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;shy;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;شود. در این تحقیق از داده&amp;shy;های سنجنده&amp;shy;ی مادیس ماهواره&amp;shy;ی ترا، نقشه&amp;shy;ی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;LST&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;، شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;NDVI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;و از داده&amp;shy;های سنجنده&amp;shy;ی سنتینل2، نقشه&amp;shy;ی شاخص خشکسالی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;PDSI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; استان مرکزی در سال&amp;shy;های 1388 ، 1393و 1398 تهیه می&amp;shy;شود. میزان بارندگی از سنجنده&amp;shy;ی هواشناسی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;GPM&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و میزان رطوبت سطح و زیر سطح خاک، از داده&amp;shy;های سنجنده&amp;shy;ی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;SMAP&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; در بازه&amp;shy;ی 1388 تا 1398 برای شهرستان&amp;shy;های شارند، کمیجان و تفرش، به عنوان سه منطقه نمونه با شدت خشکسالی متفاوت جهت تحلیل شدت خشکسالی استخراج شد. پس از تهیه داده&amp;shy;های مورد نیاز، از&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;LST&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;TCI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;، از شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;NDVI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VCI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و در نهایت با استفاده از &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;TCI, VCI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;، شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VHI&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;استان مرکزی در1388، 1393و1398 ، تهیه می&amp;shy;شود. با استفاده از نقشه&amp;shy; شاخص&amp;shy;ها و مقادیر آنها می&amp;shy;توان در سال&amp;shy;های مختلف وضعیت پوشش گیاهی و محصولات کشاورزی به همراه شدت خشکسالی نقاط مختلف استان را مشاهده نمود. پس از تهیه نقشه&amp;shy; شاخص&amp;shy;ها، اثر تغییرات شاخص&amp;shy;های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;LST&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;NDVI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; بر روی شاخص&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VHI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و اثر شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VHI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;SM &lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;،&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;SSM&lt;sup&gt; &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;و میزان بارش بر روی شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;PDSI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; بررسی می&amp;shy;شود. نتایج نشان می&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;shy;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;دهد که شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;VHI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; با شاخص&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; LST&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;رابطه&amp;shy;ی معکوس و با شاخص &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;NDVI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; و &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;PDSI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; رابطه&amp;shy;ی مستقیم دارد. براساس یافته&amp;shy;ها جنوب غرب استان کمترین شدت خشکسالی و شرق استان بالاترین شدت خشکسالی را داشته است&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; در مقایسه با سایر پژوهش&amp;shy;های انجام شده در این زمینه، در این تحقیق پایش شدت خشکسالی کشاورزی منطقه مطالعاتی با استفاده از شاخص خشکسالی &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;PDSI&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt; انجام شده است.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span calibri=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;One of the natural disasters of all is drought. Drought has long been one of the problems of Iran and has always been mentioned as a serious threat to the country. Drought is one of the natural and repetitive features of the climate and part of the climate that cannot be observed without a specific limit of occurrence and impact using high-speed ground station information. Drought rate is divided into severe, mild, moderate drought and long-term drought and short-term drought based on time components. Drought has had effects on land degradation, forest fires, reduced air and water quality, and reduced agricultural production. Frequent droughts have been a concern for many years, and on a global scale, in recent decades, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, the frequency, severity and duration of droughts have increased significantly. Drought according to different definitions in each area is divided into four main categories, including meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socio-economic drought. In meteorology, drought, or in other words dry period, is the reduction of loss in a period of time compared to the average amount of rainfall in that period or the amount of long-term rainfall in the same period. Of course, if this amount of rainfall does not meet the needs such as economic and social needs. The duration or period of drought varies according to the climate of each region and depends on the location and time. In Iran, the drought period is approximately equal to the crop year. The severity of drought also varies in each climate and country. The same amount of rainfall in one country may be considered drought, while in another country, the same amount of rainfall does not indicate drought.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Agricultural drought damages the economy, social conditions, agricultural products and consequently food security, so monitoring it is essential. For this purpose, agricultural drought in Markazi province has been studied. One of the factors affecting agricultural drought, soil moisture and plant evapotranspiration as a cause of water loss is the difference between the available water and its wastage. Therefore, to measure drought, an indicator that shows evapotranspiration is needed. In this research, RWDI index is used as an indicator of drought based on evapotranspiration. To obtain this index, one must first obtain the actual evapotranspiration and potential. Due to the advantages of remote sensing methods compared to traditional methods, remote sensing methods based on energy balance and SEBAL2 image processing model as well as Landsat 8 images, in dry and wet seasons, along with meteorological data to obtain heat flux Hidden, which depends on the parameters of soil heat flux, tangible heat flux and net radiation flux, is used. Using latent heat, instantaneous evapotranspiration is calculated daily and using the Penman 3 method, reference evapotranspiration is calculated. Potential method of Taylor 4, evapotranspiration and potential transpiration are obtained, and as a result, after calculating the actual evapotranspiration, the RWDI index is prepared, which shows the water shortage and the severity of agricultural drought. The results show that the values ​​of evapotranspiration are obtained with acceptable accuracy. Meteorological stations are obtained in REF-ET software. In addition, based on the results of the water deficit index, the values ​​of this index are expected to be higher in dry seasons than in wet seasons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,serif&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>پایش خشکسالی, سنجش ازدور, شاخص های طیفی, رطوبت خاک, بارندگی</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Agricultural Drought Monitoring, VHI, PDSI</keyword>
	<start_page>83</start_page>
	<end_page>100</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jgst.issgeac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-790-4&amp;slc_lang=fa&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>M. H.</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>DavoodAbadi Farahani</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>محمد حسین</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>داودآبادی فراهانی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>mohamad.davodabadi76@gmail.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846009395</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009395</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Faculty of Civil Engineering- Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>A. R.</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Sharifi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>علیرضا</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>شریفی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>a_sharifi@sru.ac.ir</email>
	<code>10031947532846009396</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009396</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Faculty of Civil Engineering- Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>M.</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Arabi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa>مهدی</first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa>عربی</last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>mahdi_a@sru.ac.ir</email>
	<code>10031947532846009397</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846009397</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Faculty of Civil Engineering- Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa>دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی</affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
